🧑💻 Developer-First #178 - The European Generative AI Tech Stack
A comprehensive map of European products, frameworks and infrastructure companies to build production-grade AI systems
Hello friend,
Last week I was at Adopt AI in Paris, a massive event at the Grand Palais that drew more than 25,000 people, with President Macron himself pushing for faster AI adoption, simplified regulations, and stronger European competitiveness. The message was clear: Europe wants to play offense. But, a lot of CTOs and technology leaders I met there were a bit confused about which European products, frameworks or infrastructures they should use for their stack.
That’s exactly why I decided to put together a comprehensive European Generative AI Tech Stack. An end-to-end map showing how companies can now assemble full, production-grade AI systems using only European vendors. Hardware, cloud, orchestration, safety, agents, models… every layer now has credible European players. Check out the full map below!
Now, let’s dig into this week’s signals.
P.S. If you’re a CTO, VP Engineering, or technical executive, you should join the Unicorn CTO community, a network of European CTOs and technical leaders who learn and connect with peers. You’ll get access to exclusive events and a private Slack group where the top engineering leaders in Europe exchange strategies every week.
P.P.S.: I’m throwing an impromptu lunch this Friday in London with a few CTOs and tech leaders. If you’re around (or know someone who is), just let me know. I’d love to meet you there!
Deal of the week — Harmonic raises $120M to build “Mathematical Superintelligence”
Harmonic, the AI reasoning startup co-founded by Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev, has raised a $120 million Series C at a $1.45B valuation. The round was led by Ribbit Capital, with existing investors doubling down on Harmonic’s bet: that hallucination-free, verifiable reasoning will define the next major breakthrough in AI. This is Harmonic’s third major raise in 14 months, bringing total funding to $295M, an extraordinary pace for a company without a commercial product.
Harmonic’s pitch is bold: build Mathematical Superintelligence (MSI), a model that reasons formally, outputs its logic as Lean4 code, and can be machine-verified for correctness. Their flagship model, Aristotle, trained on synthetic math proofs, reportedly performed at International Math Olympiad level, matching outputs from Google and OpenAI. Harmonic argues that this approach can finally eliminate hallucinations, making AI viable for safety-critical domains such as aerospace, automotive, and high-stakes financial systems.
💭 My take: Reasoning is becoming the new frontier of the AI arms race, and Harmonic is one of the first startups to turn formal verification into a product strategy. If they can prove hallucination-free reasoning at scale, AI will move from “assistants with opinions” to systems that can be trusted with real-world decisions. Read more about this deal here. Also, you’ll find all the other transactions from last week in The Changelog at the end of this newsletter.
The European Generative AI Tech Stack
Last week, I published a lightweight version of this European Generative AI Tech Stack on LinkedIn, and the reaction was overwhelming. The comments section turned into a crowdsourced knowledge base, with founders, CTOs, researchers and investors pointing out dozens of European products, frameworks, and infrastructure companies I had missed (or simply didn’t know yet). So I went back to work and rebuilt the map from the ground up. The result is a much more exhaustive, end-to-end stack covering hardware, cloud, orchestration, models, evaluation, safety, and developer tooling.
This new version includes 70+ companies that are building AI infrastructure with European roots. Some of them have US investors, dual HQs, or teams partly based in the US, but because their origin, R&D, or core team is European, they belong in this map. The objective is not to create a purity test; it’s to show that Europe now has the talent, the infrastructure, and the depth to build full-stack, production-grade AI systems without relying on US hyperscalers or non-European vendors. The full list is now available as an open Notion database
👉 If you want access to the full Notion database, just reply to this email and I’ll send it to you directly. And if you spot a mistake or a company that should be added, let me know. I’m updating this map continuously with the help of the community.
The Changelog - Week of November 24th, 2025
Last week, 5 companies raised $178.5 million across 3 product categories in 2 countries. No Europe-based companies raised funding, while North America-based companies attracted 94% of total funding, and Asia-based companies (incl. Israel) 6%. One of these companies distribute or contribute to an open-source project. On the M&A side, no companies were acquired.
Funding Rounds
Harmonic, from Palo Alto 🇺🇸 raised $120 million in Series C funding led by Ribbit Capital. Harmonic is an AI lab building math-focused systems to improve reasoning and develop mathematical superintelligence. (more)
Vijil, from Menlo Park 🇺🇸 raised $17 million in Series A funding led by BrightMind Partners. Vijil helps AI teams build and operate trustworthy agents by providing an infrastructure layer that quantifies risk, mitigates vulnerabilities, and enhances agent reliability. (more)
Codenotary, from Houston 🇺🇸 raised $16.5 million in Series C funding. Codenotary provides trusted CI/CD and tamperproof SBOM solutions through its open-source immutable ledger database, immudb, enabling secure artifact verification and rapid threat mitigation at scale. (more)
Momentic, from San Francisco 🇺🇸 raised $15 million in Series A funding led by Standard Capital. Momentic offers an AI-native testing platform that transforms natural language descriptions of critical user flows into resilient, automated end-to-end tests integrated with CI pipelines. (more)
Blast Security, from Tel Aviv 🇮🇱 raised $10 million in Seed funding co-led by 10D and MizMaa Ventures. Blast Security replaces reactive cloud security with continuous prevention through an adaptive defence fabric that evolves with enterprise cloud environments. (more)